
People: The Cree are Canada’s largest native group, with 200,000 registered members and dozens of self-governed nations. “Cree” comes from the French name for the tribe, “Kristenaux,” variously said to be a corruption of the French word for “Christian” or an Algonquian word for “first people.” When speaking their own language the Cree refer to themselves as Ayisiniwok, meaning “true men,” Nehiyawok, meaning “speakers of our language,” or Iyiniwok, meaning simply “the people” (this word has the same Central Algonquian root as the Montagnais word Innu). There are also more than 100,000 people known as Métis, of mixed-blood Cree, French, and other Canadian ancestry. Though many Cree regard the Metis as Cree brethren–and, indeed, though many registered Cree Indians are also mixed-blood–the Metis have a unique culture and their own creole tongue (known as Michif). The Atikamek and the Innu (Montagnais and Naskapi) are also related to the Cree but consider themselves distinct.